San Marino
During the high-level segment of the UN General Assembly in September 2024, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of San Marino, Luca Beccari, said that his country ‘attaches great importance to the historic [Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)], whose ratifications are constantly increasing’. He warned that ‘due to the deterioration of the disarmament architecture’ the risk of the use of nuclear weapons ‘is higher than at any time since the cold war’.1
TPNW Status
| Key weapons of mass destruction treaties | ||
|---|---|---|
| NUCLEAR WEAPONS | ||
| Party to the TPNW | Yes (Ratified 2018) | |
| Party to the NPT | Yes (Ratified 1970) | |
| Ratified the CTBT | Yes (Ratified 2002) | |
| Party to an NWFZ | No | |
| CSA with the IAEA | Yes (In force 1998) | |
| AP with the IAEA | No | |
| BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WEAPONS | ||
| Party to the BWC | Yes (Ratified 1975) | |
| Party to the CWC | Yes (Ratified 1999) | |
| TPNW Art. 1(1) prohibitions: Compliance in 2024 | ||
|---|---|---|
| (a) | Develop, produce, manufacture, acquire | Compliant |
| Possess or stockpile | Compliant | |
| Test | Compliant | |
| (b) | Transfer | Compliant |
| (c) | Receive transfer or control | Compliant |
| (d) | Use | Compliant |
| Threaten to use | Compliant | |
| (e) | Assist, encourage or induce | Compliant |
| (f) | Seek or receive assistance | Compliant |
| (g) | Allow stationing, installation, deployment | Compliant |
| TPNW voting and participation | |
|---|---|
| UNGA resolution on TPNW (latest vote) | Voted yes (2024) |
| Participated in 2MSP (2023) | Yes |
| Participated in 1MSP (2022) | Yes |
| Average MSP delegation size (% women) | 2 (75%) |
| Adoption of TPNW (7 July 2017) | Voted yes |
| Participated in TPNW negotiations (2017) | Yes |
| Negotiation mandate (A/RES/71/258) | Voted yes |
| Fissile material | |
|---|---|
| Nuclear facilities | No |
| Fissile material production | No |
| HEU stocks | No |
| Plutonium stocks | No |
| SQP with the IAEA | Yes (Modified) |
Latest developments
In the First Committee of the UN General Assembly in October 2024, San Marino said that the TPNW is of ‘great importance’ and ‘complements the [Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT]’. ‘This instrument is a clear and practical step towards our common goal,’ it said. ‘We therefore call on all States to sign and ratify this new Treaty.’2
San Marino was one of the co-sponsors for the 2024 UN General Assembly resolution on the TPNW, which welcomed the Treaty’s entry into force and called upon ‘all States that have not yet done so to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to the Treaty at the earliest possible date’.3
San Marino participated in the Second Meeting of States Parties (2MSP) to the TPNW in November-December 2023, where it described the Treaty’s universalisation as ‘extremely important’ and declared its ‘full commitment’ to its effective implementation.4
Recommendations
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San Marino should continue to encourage other states to adhere to the TPNW.
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San Marino should ensure that all the TPNW obligations are implemented domestically, through legal, administrative, and other necessary measures.
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San Marino should conclude and bring into force an Additional Protocol (AP) with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).