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States parties

Thailand

Thailand is an example to be followed by other states, as it has adhered to all of the seven key treaties in the legal architecture on disarmament and non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, in addition to being party to a nuclear-weapon-free zone (NWFZ) treaty.

TPNW Status

SIGNATURE
20 Sep 2017
DEPOSIT WITH UNSG
20 Sep 2017 (Ratification)
ENTRY INTO FORCE
22 Jan 2021
DECLARATION
Received 15 Feb 2021
TPNW Article 1(1) prohibitions: compliance in 2024
(a) Develop, produce, manufacture, acquire Compliant
Test Compliant
Possess or stockpile Compliant
(b) Transfer Compliant
(c) Receive transfer or control Compliant
(d) Use Compliant
Threaten to use Compliant
(e) Assist, encourage or induce Compliant
(f) Seek or receive assistance Compliant
(g) Allow stationing, installation, deployment Compliant
TPNW voting and participation
UNGA resolution on TPNW (latest vote) Voted yes (2024)
Participated in 2MSP (2023) Yes
2MSP delegation size (% women) 9 (44%)
Adoption of TPNW (7 July 2017) Voted yes
Participated in TPNW negotiations (2017) Yes
Negotiation mandate (A/RES/71/258) Voted yes
Other weapons of mass destruction (WMD) treaties
Party to an NWFZ Yes (Ratified 1997, Bangkok)
Party to the NPT Yes (Acceded 1972)
Ratified the CTBT Yes (Ratified 2018)
Party to the BWC Yes (Ratified 1975)
Party to the CWC Yes (Ratified 2002)
IAEA safeguards and fissile material
Safeguards agreement Yes (In force 1974)
TPNW Art 3(2) deadline N/A
Small Quantities Protocol No
Additional Protocol Yes (In force 2017)
Enrichment facilities/reprocessing plants No
HEU stocks No
Plutonium stocks No

Latest developments

In the First Committee of the UN General Assembly in October 2024, Thailand encouraged more states to ratify or accede to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), noting its role as a co-facilitator, together with Ireland, on the issue of ‘complementarity’ under the Treaty.1 It called for a ‘multiple-track approach’ to nuclear disarmament, ‘reinforcing complementarity between the [Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)] and other relevant frameworks, particularly the TPNW’.2

At the NPT Preparatory Committee session in July 2024, Thailand said that ‘synergy’ exists between the NPT and other instruments, including the TPNW.3 ‘It is our firm belief that the TPNW is an effective measure contributing to the implementation of Article IV [of the NPT],’ it said. It also noted that, by universalising the TPNW, states can complement the ‘web’ created by nuclear-weapon-free zone treaties.4

During the high-level segment of the UN General Assembly in September 2024, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Thailand, Maris Sangiampongsa, urged states to ‘uphold their disarmament and non-proliferation obligations to rebuild trust and ensure a safe and secure world’.5

At a high-level UN event to commemorate the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons on 26 September 2024, Thailand congratulated Indonesia, Sierra Leone, and the Solomon Islands on their recent ratification of the TPNW.6

Thailand was one of the co-sponsors for the 2024 UN General Assembly resolution on the TPNW, which welcomed the Treaty’s entry into force and called upon ‘all States that have not yet done so to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to the Treaty at the earliest possible date’.7

Recommendations

  • Thailand should continue to encourage other states to adhere to the TPNW.

  • Thailand should ensure that all the TPNW obligations are implemented domestically, through legal, administrative, and other necessary measures.

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