Brazil
Brazil was one of the states that played a leading role in bringing about the diplomatic process towards a treaty prohibiting nuclear weapons and ensuring the ultimate success of the negotiations in 2017. Brazil was also the first state to sign the TPNW. In a statement on the occasion of the TPNW's entry into force on 22 January 2021, Brazil said: 'The [TPNW] is currently under consideration by the Brazilian National Congress with a view to its ratification.'[1]
| TPNW Article 1(1) prohibitions: Compliance in 2021 | ||
|---|---|---|
| (a) | Develop, produce, manufacture, acquire | Compliant |
| Test | Compliant | |
| Possess or stockpile | Compliant | |
| (b) | Transfer | Compliant |
| (c) | Receive transfer or control | Compliant |
| (d) | Use | Compliant |
| Threaten to use | Compliant | |
| (e) | Assist, encourage or induce | Compliant |
| (f) | Seek or receive assistance | Compliant |
| (g) | Allow stationing, installation, deployment | Compliant |
| TPNW voting and participation | |
|---|---|
| 2021 UNGA resolution on TPNW | |
| 2020 UNGA resolution on TPNW | |
| 2019 UNGA resolution on TPNW | Voted yes |
| 2018 UNGA resolution on TPNW | Voted yes |
| Participated in TPNW negotiations | Yes |
| Share of women in TPNW negotiations | 30% |
| Vote on adoption of treaty text | Voted yes |
| Adoption of TPNW (7 July 2017) | Voted yes |
| IAEA safeguards and fissile material | |
|---|---|
| Safeguards Agreement | Yes |
| TPNW Art 3(2) deadline | N/A |
| Small Quantities Protocol | No |
| Additional Protocol | No |
| Fissile material production facilities | Yes (Civilian) |
| Highly enriched uranium stocks | Cleared |
| Plutonium stocks (mil/civ) | No/No |
| Related treaties and regimes | |
|---|---|
| Party to the BWC | Yes |
| Party to the CWC | Yes |
| Party to the PTBT | Yes |
| Ratified the CTBT | Yes (Annex 2 state) |
| Party to the NPT | Yes |
| Party to a NWFZ | Yes (Tlatelolco) |
| Member of the CD | Yes |
Latest developments
Addressing the First Committee of the 2021 UN General Assembly, Brazil said: 'The TPNW complements and reinforces the NPT, and represents an evolutionary leap for the disarmament and nonproliferation regime. The entry into force of the TPNW is a historic achievement, which embodies the growing international consensus that nuclear weapons must never again be used by anyone, anywhere, at any time.'2
Brazil was one of the co-sponsors of the 2021 UN General Assembly resolution on the TPNW, which called 'upon all States that have not yet done so to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to the Treaty at the earliest possible date'.3
Recommendations
- Brazil should urgently ratify the TPNW.
- Brazil should conclude and bring into force an Additional Protocol with the IAEA.