Costa Rica
Speaking at the First Meeting of States Parties to the TPNW (1MSP) in Vienna in June 2022, Costa Rica hailed the Treaty as ‘a triumph of multilateralism and clear evidence of the commitment to collective solutions."[1]
TPNW Status
| TPNW Article 1(1) prohibitions: Compliance in 2022 | ||
|---|---|---|
| (a) | Develop, produce, manufacture, acquire | Compliant |
| Test | Compliant | |
| Possess or stockpile | Compliant | |
| (b) | Transfer | Compliant |
| (c) | Receive transfer or control | Compliant |
| (d) | Use | Compliant |
| Threaten to use | Compliant | |
| (e) | Assist, encourage or induce | Compliant |
| (f) | Seek or receive assistance | Compliant |
| (g) | Allow stationing, installation, deployment | Compliant |
| TPNW voting and participation | |
|---|---|
| UNGA resolution on TPNW (latest vote) | Voted yes (2022) |
| Participated in 1MSP (2022) | Yes |
| 1MSP delegation size (% women) | 4 (50%) |
| Adoption of TPNW (7 July 2017) | Voted yes |
| Participated in TPNW negotiations (2017) | Yes |
| Negotiation mandate (A/RES/71/258) | Voted yes |
| Other weapons of mass destruction (WMD) treaties | |
|---|---|
| Party to an NWFZ | Yes (Ratified 1969, Tlatelolco) |
| Party to the NPT | Yes (Ratified 1970) |
| Ratified the CTBT | Yes (Ratified 2001) |
| Party to the BWC | Yes (Ratified 1973) |
| Party to the CWC | Yes (Ratified 1996) |
| IAEA safeguards and fissile material | |
|---|---|
| Safeguards agreement | Yes |
| TPNW Art 3(2) deadline | N/A |
| Small Quantities Protocol | Yes (Modified) |
| Additional Protocol | Yes |
| Enrichment facilities/reprocessing plants | No |
| HEU stocks | No |
| Plutonium stocks | No |
Latest developments
In its statement at 1MSP, Costa Rica also said that 'We are at a turning point, where the old models of national security – based on deterrence and threats of certain mutually assured nuclear destruction – have been pointed out as outdated, unjustified and insufficient.'2
At the Tenth Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in August 2022, Costa Rica said that the TPNW was ‘born from the belief in the capacity of international law to generate significant and substantial change’.3 Costa Rica also delivered a statement on behalf of 145 states on the humanitarian consequences of the use of nuclear weapons.4
During the high-level segment of the UN General Assembly in September 2022, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica, Arnoldo André-Tinoco, urged more states to sign and ratify the TPNW, as well as endorse the declaration and action plan adopted at the 1MSP.5
Recommendations
- Costa Rica should continue to encourage other states to adhere to the TPNW.
- Costa Rica should ensure that all the TPNW obligations are implemented domestically, through legal, administrative, and other necessary measures.
2) Ibid.