Mexico
Mexico is an example to be followed by other States, as it has adhered to all of the seven key treaties in the legal architecture on disarmament and non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, in addition to being party to a nuclear-weapon-free zone (NWFZ) treaty.
TPNW Status
| Key weapons of mass destruction treaties | ||
|---|---|---|
| NUCLEAR WEAPONS | ||
| Party to the TPNW | Yes (Ratified 2018) | |
| Party to the NPT | Yes (Ratified 1969) | |
| Ratified the CTBT | Yes (Ratified 1999, Annex 2 state) | |
| Party to an NWFZ | Yes (Ratified 1967, Tlatelolco) | |
| CSA with the IAEA | Yes (In force 1973) | |
| AP with the IAEA | Yes (In force 2011) | |
| BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WEAPONS | ||
| Party to the BWC | Yes (Ratified 1974) | |
| Party to the CWC | Yes (Ratified 1994) | |
| TPNW Art. 1(1) prohibitions: Compliance in 2025 | ||
|---|---|---|
| (a) | Develop, produce, manufacture, acquire | Compliant |
| Possess or stockpile | Compliant | |
| Test | Compliant | |
| (b) | Transfer | Compliant |
| (c) | Receive transfer or control | Compliant |
| (d) | Use | Compliant |
| Threaten to use | Compliant | |
| (e) | Assist, encourage or induce | Compliant |
| (f) | Seek or receive assistance | Compliant |
| (g) | Allow stationing, installation, deployment | Compliant |
| TPNW voting and participation | |
|---|---|
| UNGA resolution on TPNW (latest vote) | Voted yes (2025) |
| Participated in 3MSP (2025) | Yes |
| Participated in 2MSP (2023) | Yes |
| Participated in 1MSP (2022) | Yes |
| Average MSP delegation size (% women) | 6.33 (27%) |
| Adoption of TPNW (7 July 2017) | Voted yes |
| Participated in TPNW negotiations (2017) | Yes |
| Negotiation mandate (A/RES/71/258) | Voted yes |
| Fissile material | |
|---|---|
| Nuclear facilities | Yes |
| Fissile material production | No |
| HEU stocks | Cleared |
| Plutonium stocks | No |
| SQP with the IAEA | No |
Latest developments
At the Third Meeting of States Parties (3MSP) to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) in March 2025, Mexico said: ‘While other disarmament forums remain paralysed, the TPNW continues to strengthen itself as a pillar of the global disarmament and non-proliferation architecture. This is a forum focused on diplomatic dialogue and, above all, action.’1 Mexico was appointed as the coordinator for a consultative process on the renewal of the mandate and terms of reference of the TPNW’s Scientific Advisory Group.
At the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) Preparatory Committee meeting in April 2025, Mexico expressed deep concern at the lack of progress achieved in the implementation of Article VI of Treaty. It described the TPNW’s entry into force in 2021 as one notable advancement in recent years.2 ‘This instrument was negotiated within the United Nations and is compatible with the NPT,’ it emphasized. ‘It demonstrates the commitment of its States Parties to fulfil their obligations and responsibilities under Article VI.’3
At a high-level event on 26 September 2025 marking the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, Mexico pledged to ‘continue to demand the destruction of each of the 12,000 nuclear weapons that continue to threaten the survival of humanity’, noting that the TPNW and the NPT ‘provide us with a clear path to achieve this goal’.4
In the First Committee of the UN General Assembly in October 2025, Mexico warned of the grave danger that one day artificial intelligence could make decisions regarding the use of nuclear weapons. ‘In light of this risk and its catastrophic consequences, Mexico proposes that the First Committee urgently address the dangers of integrating AI into nuclear command and control systems,’ it said.5 It tabled a draft resolution on this topic, which the Committee adopted with 118 States in favour, 9 against, and 44 abstentions.6
Mexico also co-sponsored the 2025 UN General Assembly resolution on the TPNW, which welcomed the Treaty’s entry into force and called upon ‘all States that have not yet done so to sign, ratify, accept, approve, or accede to the Treaty at the earliest possible date’.7
In 2023, Mexico served as President of the Second Meeting of States Parties (2MSP) to the TPNW.
Recommendations
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Mexico should continue to encourage other states to adhere to the TPNW.
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Mexico should ensure that all the TPNW obligations are implemented domestically, through legal, administrative, and other necessary measures.