Peru
Peru is an example to be followed by other states, as it has adhered to all of the seven key treaties in the legal architecture on disarmament and non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, in addition to being party to a nuclear-weapon-free zone (NWFZ) treaty.
TPNW Status
| Key weapons of mass destruction treaties | ||
|---|---|---|
| NUCLEAR WEAPONS | ||
| Party to the TPNW | Yes (Ratified 2021) | |
| Party to the NPT | Yes (Ratified 1970) | |
| Ratified the CTBT | Yes (Ratified 1997, Annex 2 state) | |
| Party to an NWFZ | Yes (Ratified 1969, Tlatelolco) | |
| CSA with the IAEA | Yes (In force 1979) | |
| AP with the IAEA | Yes (In force 2001) | |
| BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WEAPONS | ||
| Party to the BWC | Yes (Ratified 1985) | |
| Party to the CWC | Yes (Ratified 1995) | |
| TPNW Art. 1(1) prohibitions: Compliance in 2024 | ||
|---|---|---|
| (a) | Develop, produce, manufacture, acquire | Compliant |
| Possess or stockpile | Compliant | |
| Test | Compliant | |
| (b) | Transfer | Compliant |
| (c) | Receive transfer or control | Compliant |
| (d) | Use | Compliant |
| Threaten to use | Compliant | |
| (e) | Assist, encourage or induce | Compliant |
| (f) | Seek or receive assistance | Compliant |
| (g) | Allow stationing, installation, deployment | Compliant |
| TPNW voting and participation | |
|---|---|
| UNGA resolution on TPNW (latest vote) | Voted yes (2024) |
| Participated in 2MSP (2023) | Yes |
| Participated in 1MSP (2022) | Yes |
| Average MSP delegation size (% women) | 3 (33.5%) |
| Adoption of TPNW (7 July 2017) | Voted yes |
| Participated in TPNW negotiations (2017) | Yes |
| Negotiation mandate (A/RES/71/258) | Voted yes |
| Fissile material | |
|---|---|
| Nuclear facilities | Yes |
| Fissile material production | No |
| HEU stocks | No |
| Plutonium stocks | No |
| SQP with the IAEA | No |
Latest developments
At a high-level UN event to commemorate the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons on 26 September 2024, Peru said that it is ‘fully committed’ to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). ‘We cannot allow the present tensions and conflicts to weaken the political will to achieve a nuclear-weapon-free world,’ it insisted. ‘Peru is ready to play an active part in this global effort.’1
At the NPT Preparatory Committee session in July 2024, Peru said that it maintains ‘a principled position of respect for the multilateral regime on nuclear weapons’ and regards the NPT, the CTBT and the TPNW as complementary instruments ‘for the promotion of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation’.2 It described the TPNW’s entry into force in 2021 and its current operation as ‘a great achievement’ and ‘a legal and moral starting point on a long road to achieving nuclear disarmament’.3
During the high-level segment of the UN General Assembly in September 2024, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Peru, Elmer Schialer Salcedo, pledged to ‘continue to support the total elimination of nuclear weapons, while rejecting their testing, use and any threat of their use’. He appealed to ‘the major nuclear weapons possessors’ to restart talks to reduce their nuclear stockpiles.4
In the First Committee of the UN General Assembly in October 2024, Peru said that present nuclear dangers ‘confirm the enormous importance and relevance’ of the TPNW and expressed its hope that ‘concrete progress’ would be made towards implementing the TPNW action plan of 2022.5
Peru was one of the co-sponsors for the 2024 UN General Assembly resolution on the TPNW, which welcomed the Treaty’s entry into force and called upon ‘all States that have not yet done so to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to the Treaty at the earliest possible date’.6
Recommendations
-
Peru should continue to encourage other states to adhere to the TPNW.
-
Peru should ensure that all the TPNW obligations are implemented domestically, through legal, administrative, and other necessary measures.