Peru
Peru is an example to be followed by other States, as it has adhered to all of the seven key treaties in the legal architecture on disarmament and non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, in addition to being party to a nuclear-weapon-free zone (NWFZ) treaty.
TPNW Status
| Key weapons of mass destruction treaties | ||
|---|---|---|
| NUCLEAR WEAPONS | ||
| Party to the TPNW | Yes (Ratified 2021) | |
| Party to the NPT | Yes (Ratified 1970) | |
| Ratified the CTBT | Yes (Ratified 1997, Annex 2 state) | |
| Party to an NWFZ | Yes (Ratified 1969, Tlatelolco) | |
| CSA with the IAEA | Yes (In force 1979) | |
| AP with the IAEA | Yes (In force 2001) | |
| BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WEAPONS | ||
| Party to the BWC | Yes (Ratified 1985) | |
| Party to the CWC | Yes (Ratified 1995) | |
| TPNW Art. 1(1) prohibitions: Compliance in 2024 | ||
|---|---|---|
| (a) | Develop, produce, manufacture, acquire | Compliant |
| Possess or stockpile | Compliant | |
| Test | Compliant | |
| (b) | Transfer | Compliant |
| (c) | Receive transfer or control | Compliant |
| (d) | Use | Compliant |
| Threaten to use | Compliant | |
| (e) | Assist, encourage or induce | Compliant |
| (f) | Seek or receive assistance | Compliant |
| (g) | Allow stationing, installation, deployment | Compliant |
| TPNW voting and participation | |
|---|---|
| UNGA resolution on TPNW (latest vote) | Voted yes (2025) |
| Participated in 2MSP (2023) | Yes |
| Participated in 1MSP (2022) | Yes |
| Average MSP delegation size (% women) | 3 (22%) |
| Adoption of TPNW (7 July 2017) | Voted yes |
| Participated in TPNW negotiations (2017) | Yes |
| Negotiation mandate (A/RES/71/258) | Voted yes |
| Fissile material | |
|---|---|
| Nuclear facilities | Yes |
| Fissile material production | No |
| HEU stocks | No |
| Plutonium stocks | No |
| SQP with the IAEA | No |
Latest developments
At the Third Meeting of States Parties (3MSP) to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) in March 2025, Peru encouraged all States to join the Treaty: ‘We believe that such action would strengthen their commitment to remaining nuclear-weapon-free, reaffirm their transparency in this area, and renew their firm commitment to achieving a world free from the nuclear threat.’ It described the meeting as ‘a fundamental opportunity to advance the goal of universalizing the TPNW and designing joint strategies for its full implementation’.1
At the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) Preparatory Committee meeting in April 2025, Peru said that the TPNW constitutes an ‘effective measure’ as required by Article VI of the NPT. ‘These two treaties are fully compatible,’ it added.2
In the First Committee of the UN General Assembly in October 2025, Peru said: ‘Our region, Latin America and the Caribbean, was a pioneer in demonstrating that denuclearization is possible. With the Treaty of Tlatelolco in 1967, we established the first nuclear-weapon-free zone in a densely populated territory. This legacy inspires Peru to continue supporting instruments, such as the [TPNW], which strengthen the international regime and give hope to future generations.’3
Peru co-sponsored the 2025 UN General Assembly resolution on the TPNW, which welcomed the Treaty’s entry into force and called upon ‘all States that have not yet done so to sign, ratify, accept, approve, or accede to the Treaty at the earliest possible date’.4
Within the framework of its programme of work for 2025, the Conference on Disarmament designated Peru to facilitate discussions on the cessation of the nuclear arms race and nuclear disarmament.
Recommendations
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Peru should continue to encourage other states to adhere to the TPNW.
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Peru should ensure that all the TPNW obligations are implemented domestically, through legal, administrative, and other necessary measures.