Indonesia
The People’s Representative Council of Indonesia, the lower house of the national legislature, unanimously approved ratification of the TPNW on 21 November 2023. According to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Retno Marsudi, the decision to ratify the Treaty aligned with Indonesia’s constitutional mandate to promote peace and security, and sent a clear message to the world that ‘the possession and use of nuclear weapons cannot be justified for any reason’. She added: ‘I hope that more countries will ratify the TPNW to put pressure on nuclear-possessing countries and also to create strong anti-nuclear weapons norms.’[1]
TPNW Status
| TPNW Article 1(1) prohibitions: Compliance in 2023 | ||
|---|---|---|
| (a) | Develop, produce, manufacture, acquire | Compliant |
| Test | Compliant | |
| Possess or stockpile | Compliant | |
| (b) | Transfer | Compliant |
| (c) | Receive transfer or control | Compliant |
| (d) | Use | Compliant |
| Threaten to use | Compliant | |
| (e) | Assist, encourage or induce | Compliant |
| (f) | Seek or receive assistance | Compliant |
| (g) | Allow stationing, installation, deployment | Compliant |
| TPNW voting and participation | |
|---|---|
| UNGA resolution on TPNW (latest vote) | Voted yes (2023) |
| Participated in 2MSP (2023) | Yes (observer) |
| 1MSP delegation size (% women) | 6 (33%) |
| Adoption of TPNW (7 July 2017) | Voted yes |
| Participated in TPNW negotiations (2017) | Yes |
| Negotiation mandate (A/RES/71/258) | Voted yes |
| Other weapons of mass destruction (WMD) treaties | |
|---|---|
| Party to an NWFZ | Yes (Ratified 1997, Bangkok) |
| Party to the NPT | Yes (Ratified 1979) |
| Ratified the CTBT | Yes (Ratified 2012, Annex 2 state) |
| Party to the BWC | Yes (Ratified 1992) |
| Party to the CWC | Yes (Ratified 1998) |
| IAEA safeguards and fissile material | |
|---|---|
| Safeguards agreement | Yes (14 Jul 1980) |
| TPNW Art 3(2) deadline | N/A |
| Small Quantities Protocol | No |
| Additional Protocol | Yes |
| Enrichment facilities/reprocessing plants | No |
| HEU stocks | Cleared |
| Plutonium stocks | No |
Latest developments
The Indonesian President, Joko Widodo, submitted the TPNW to the legislature in October 2022, after which its First Commission held a series of meetings with government officials and academics to examine the Treaty before approving it in October 2023 and sending it to the plenary for a final decision.2 President Widodo then signed the ratification law into effect on 20 December 2023.3 Indonesia will conclude its ratification process when it deposits its instrument of ratification with the UN Secretary-General, becoming the largest State party by population to date.
Indonesia observed the Second Meeting of States Parties to the TPNW (2MSP) in November and December 2023, describing it as an opportunity to ‘consolidate our collective efforts in pursuing a world without nuclear weapons’ and to provide momentum for all States, including those outside the Treaty, to fulfil and uphold their disarmament commitments. It said that the TPNW serves as a complement to other treaties on nuclear disarmament and expressed its commitment to universalising the Treaty and its norms. ‘We hope that [Indonesia’s ratification] will encourage more countries to ratify the TPNW and provide impetus for the participation of nuclear-armed States,’ it said. 4
Indonesia was one of the co-sponsors for the 2023 UN General Assembly resolution on the TPNW, which called upon ‘all States that have not yet done so to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to the Treaty at the earliest possible date’.5
Recommendations
-
Indonesia should urgently ratify the TPNW.